This part of ISO 16322 specifies three procedures (diagonal marking, inverted-T marking and mock-garment marking) to measure the spirality or torque of woven and knitted fabrics after laundering.
The results obtained from different procedures may not be comparable.
This part of ISO 16322 is not intended to measure the spirality of fabrics as manufactured, but rather the spirality after laundering.
NOTE Some fabric constructions, such as denim, can have spirality intentionally introduced during manufacturing. Fabrics made on circular knitting machines can have inherent nonverticality of wale alignment.