This document specifies basic framework measurement methods for sound immission from sound sources placed close to the ear. These measurements are carried out with a manikin, equipped with ear simulators including microphones. The measured values are subsequently converted into corresponding free-field or diffuse-field levels. The results are given as free-field related or diffusefield related equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure levels. The technique is denoted the manikin technique. This document is applicable to exposure to sound from sources close to the ear, for example during equipment tests or at the workplace to sound from earphones or hearing protectors with audio
communication facilities. This document is applicable in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 10 kHz. For frequencies above 10 kHz, ISO 11904-1 can be used.